SAN FRANCISCO — Just after the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation took effect Friday, Austrian privacy lawyer and activist Max Schrems filed a spate of complaints against Facebook and Google alleging they’re willfully violating the law and should be fined billions of euros.

The four similar complaints were filed with data privacy regulators in separate EU countries on behalf of users in those jurisdictions. The complaints target the privacy policies of Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram and Google’s Android, and allege that users are being forced to give consent to their data being collected in violation of the GDPR.