Railing against government regulations is practically a national pastime for businesses — except sometimes, regulation has its privileges. That little-acknowledged fact is apparent in a fight before the Federal Communications Commission that could fundamentally shape the future of television.

On one side is a small online video distributor all but begging to be subject to the same old-fashioned regulations that apply to cable companies. On the other are entrenched media giants who argue that the FCC cannot — and should not — extend the rules they live by to Internet-based competitors.