When a federal trial judge ordered the U.S. Justice Department to pay more than $600,000 in legal fees as a sanction for a botched drug case against a Florida doctor, prosecutors soon asked an appeals court to overturn the decision.

But a divided U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in April upheld a three-judge ­panel’s dismissal of the fee award, saying the ­malfeasance in the prosecution of Ali Shaygan, a Miami doctor, did not undermine the premise that the case itself was brought in good faith.