When it comes to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act’s prohibition on bribing a foreign official, just who, pray tell, does the U.S. government consider a foreign official? It’s a question that’s seldom come before the courts, but now, for the first time, is being considered at the appellate level — prompting the U.S. Department of Justice to weigh in on the definition through a response brief.

The key word at the heart of the appeal before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit is “instrumentality.” In the language of the FCPA, a “foreign official” constitutes an “officer or employee of a foreign government or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof.”