After dodging a bullet last term, supporters of affirmative action face another test at the U.S. Supreme Court on October 15 in a case that could launch a new state-by-state effort to eliminate programs that boost minority access to public universities and government contracts.

The case is Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, which asks the court to reinstate a 2006 ballot initiative called Proposal 2 that amended Michigan’s constitution to ban “preferential treatment” based on race, gender or ethnicity in state education, employment or contracting.