BP PLC is facing many of its old foes in the rising litigation over the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. More than a dozen plaintiffs’ firms pursuing BP, Transocean Ltd. and Halliburton Energy Services Inc. have a history of trying to make the defendants pay for safety violations and the resulting harm.

They include Arnold & Itkin and the Buzbee Law Firm in Houston; Brent Coon & Associates of Beaumont, Texas; Baron & Budd and The Schmidt Firm in Dallas; Weitz & Luxenberg in New York; and the Law Offices of Ronnie G. Penton in Bogalusa, La.