A new study of banking misconduct in the past five years shows that U.S. regulators and authorities have levied the lion’s share—over 96 percent—of all fines and penalties issued worldwide for economic crimes since January 2012.

And a big chunk of those penalties have disproportionately hit European banks that have U.S. branches, according to the report. The study was done by Corlytics, a global financial intelligence company based in Dublin, with offices in Boston, New York, London and Sydney, Australia.