The U.S. Supreme Court has jumped into a titanic copyright battle between Oracle Corp. and Google LLC with both barrels.

The high court granted Friday Google’s petition for certiorari—leaving the court free to address the copyrightability of software and the defense of fair use. The court’s involvement is sure to reignite a 50-year-old debate over how much, if any, software should be subject to copyright, and the contours of the fair use defense in the digital age.